![]() ![]() Rather, they were identical in shape to the round seeded pure lines. Once the seeds developed from Mendel’s monohybrid cross, he discovered that all the resultant seeds (the hybrids) were not semi-wrinkly. Mendel’s results conflicted with this prediction. Mendel expected to get an intermediate result of slightly wrinkly seeded plants from a cross of pure line smooth seeded plants with pure line wrinkly seeded plants. While it was known that crossing similar true-breeding plants would produce the same phenotypes, or pure lines, the blending inheritance hypothesis predicted that crossing two different pure lines would produce an intermediate in the F1 generation. These hybrids are notated as the first filial generation, or the F1 generation. Once pollinated, the mesh bags were reinstalled and the seeds allowed to develop. He also cross pollinated smooth seeded varieties with wrinkly seeded varieties too. wrinkly seeds), producing a hybrid of the pure lines. smooth seeds) and used to pollinate the opposite phenotype (i.e. Once fertile, pollen was collected with a sterilized paint brush from the flowers of one phenotype (i.e. ![]() To control against unwanted pollination, the developing flowers were covered with mesh bags. After self-pollination, he grew out pure line seeds of both varieties until they flowered. Pea seeds are either round (smooth) or have angular indentions (wrinkly). ![]() Mendel initially focused his analysis on seed shape. These true-breeding pure lines are known as the parent generation, or P generation. Therefore, whatever phenotypes the self-fertilized plant had, the seeds would produce plants with exactly the same physical characteristics. Pure lines are produced by self-pollination, where a flower is covered and the pollen of a plant is used to fertilize the same plant, essentially producing a clone. For example, pure line seeds for purple flowers would always develop into plants with purple flowers. When these seeds were planted, they produced known phenotypes. Most importantly, he could obtain true-breeding varieties, or pure lines. Mendel eventually analyzed seven phenotypes: seed shape, seed color, flower color, flower location, pod shape, pod color, and plant height. Second, peas have many different physical characteristics, or phenotypes. First, pea plants grow easily and quickly allowing for many replicates and generations in a relatively short amount of time. The pea plant awarded Mendel several advantages for studying inheritance. To test this hypothesis, Mendel carried out a series of experiments on the common pea plant in his monastery’s experimental garden plot between 18. For example, a white flowered plant and a purple flowered plant would produce an intermediate, or light purple flowered plant. The widely accepted inheritance hypothesis of the day was known as blending inheritance, which predicted that the traits of parents blended in the offspring. flower color, seed shape, etc), he discovered that the inheritance was best explained by the presence of “discrete, heritable units.” While looking at the inheritance of a variety of physical characteristics of pea plants (i.e. While he never used the term, gene, he developed the basis of its modern context. The concept of the gene originated with the work of Gregor Mendel in his discoveries of inheritance patterns. ![]() The word gene originates from ancient Greek, meaning locus, or region. ![]()
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